Ultimaker Curaがおかしい【Tronxy XY-2 PRO】シリアル通信で問題有り

タイトル
3Dプリンティングの肌荒れ問題が再発しました。
原因はUltimaker Cura と Tronxy XY-2 PRO の組み合わせにありました。



以前にもプリントしたモデルの表面が荒れる事がありました。
前回の肌荒れ
ノズル温度が安定しないのが原因としました。

ですがまた再発しました。ノズル温度は安定しています。
肌荒れ再発

原因を探るためスライス条件を変えてプリントしている様子を観察します。
すると条件によりキレイにプリントできる事がわかりました。
一番はっきりしているのはスライサにSimplify3Dを使うとキレイにプリントできます。
Ultimaker Curaがおかしい可能性があります。

Maximum Resolutionを設定する

以前に大型で複雑なモデルをCuraでスライスした事がありました。この時、Curaのスライスがフリーズしたかのように停まってしまい、全くスライスできない事がありました。数時間放ったらかして戻ったら終わってるというくらい。

この時の原因は、モデルをスライスする時に細かく分割しすぎたのが原因です。
ヘッドの移動をノズル径よりはるかに小さい距離に分割したG-CODEを作ってしまうのです。数十マイクロメートルを移動する命令が大量に作られます。家庭用3Dプリンタにそんな分解能力はありません。
これを回避するために
  • Maximum Resolution
  • Maximum Travel Resolution
  • Maximum Deviation
の値を大きなものにしました。大体 0.5mm, 0.5mm, 0.05mm くらい。
ヘッド移動距離の分解能を指定できます。ノズル径より細かい移動をしても造形できず無駄になります。これをすることでスライス時にモデルを無駄に細かく分割する事が無くなり、スライス速度が上がります。

肌荒れ調査中にUltimaker Curaのバージョン4.8が公開されました。
改善点にはこんな文言が
Artifact removal in curves. Fixed an issue that left tiny artifacts in certain curves, causing the print head to slow down. This results in smoother print surfaces when printing such curves.
これは正に肌荒れの事ではないか⁉
4.7.1 4.8
Maximum Resolution 0.05 0.25
Maximum Travel Resolution 0.05 0.25
Maximum Deviation 0.025 0.025
バージョン4.8では大きな値になってました。

Tronxy XY-2 PROのシリアル通信の問題

Curaの問題をより大きくしているのはXY-2 PROをシリアル通信で使っている事です。XY-2 PROのシリアル通信は何か挙動が変です。シリアル通信でプリンタの動作が停まることがあるのです。
プリントの様子を観察していると、肌荒れを起こす時はヘッドの移動がスムースではなく、時々引っかかるような動きをしていました。
G-CODEをシリアル通信で送る時にヘッドの移動命令が大量に来るとヘッドの移動が間に合わず、何か動作が停まるように思えます。通信バッファのプログラムがおかしそうな挙動です。

CuraのG-CODEが無駄に細かい移動命令になっているとヘッドの移動にスムースさが無くなるのか、実際にスムースではないG-CODEの移動命令になっているのかは区別できませんでした。G-CODEビュワーではどちらもキレイに表示されます。

前述の設定をCuraにほどこすとスムースなプリントができ肌荒れが起きません。G-CODEの移動命令の数も減りシリアル通信の負荷も下がります。
前回の肌荒れが直ったのはスライスの時間を短くしようとした設定が結果的に通信量を減らしたためと思われます。

Ultimaker Curaだとフィラメントの吐出量が少ない あるいは 無い時がある

もう一つCuraを使っているとおかしな事があります。
複雑な形状をしているモデルをプリントすると、汚い あるいは 脆い プリント結果になる時があります。
吐出しない
顕著な例だと、サポート材の一部が全く形成されません。
これがどういう条件で発生するのかわかりませんでした。
フィラメントのFlowレシオとは関係ないようです。出ている所と出ない所がはっきり別れています。
また積層方向に細い構造があると、フィラメントの吐出が少なく隙間ができる事が多いです。
Coastingがランダムに働いているような感じです。

まとめ

Ultimaker Cura はモデルを細かくスライスしすぎる。バージョン4.8では改善された。また、フィラメントを吐出しない事がある。フィラメントを吐出しない原因はわからない。
XY-2 PROはシリアル通信中に動作が一瞬停まることがある。通信量を減らすしかない。
これらが合わさって肌荒れが起きる。
Ultimaker CuraのMaximum Resolution設定は効果的である。

シリアル通信を使わずXY-2 PROのUSBメモリからプリントすれば根本的に回避できると思われる。
でもそれじゃ Octolapse撮影ができない!

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